Q. What is Operating System (OS)?
Ans: -Operating system is the organized collection of software that controls the overall operation of a computer.
- Operating system is a collection of programs and utilities.
- It acts as the interface between hardware and users of a computer system.
- It consists of controlled routines for operating the computer system by providing an environment where users can execute the program in an effective and efficient manner.
Q.What is the functions of operating system?
Ans: - (1) Acts as an interface.
(2) Resource Manager:-
(a)Process Management.
(b) Memory Management.
(c) File System Management.
(d)Input/Output Management.
(3) Command Interpreter:-
(a)CLI (Character language Interface)
(b)GUI (Graphics User Interface)
(4)Security and Protection.
(5)Accounting: - which user uses how much and what kind of resources.
Q. what is the difference between CLI and GUI command Interpreter?
Ans:- CLI (Character Language interface):- This allows the user to directly enter commands that are to be performed by operating system.
GUI (graphics user interface):-
This allows the users to interface with operating system via graphical user interface.
- This is user friendly and provides menu and mouse based facility.
Q. What are the different types of Operating System (OS)?
Ans: - (1) Single Programmed operating system.
(2)Multi programming (MP) operating system.
(3)Batched MP operating system.
(4)Time shared operating system
(5)Multiprocessing operating system.
(6)Distributed operating system.
(7)Real time operating system.
Q.What do you mean by multiprogramming? ////very very conceptual
Ans: - In multiprogramming the main memory consist of multiple numbers of tasks at a time. It is a technique to execute a number of programs simultaneously by a single processor.
· In reality CPU is executing one task at a time but completing so fast and switching to the next task very quickly in such a way that one can not notice it and we are saying that CPU is doing multiple tasks.
· In multiprogramming environment as long as one job needs to execute, the CPU is never idle.
Q. Give a practical example of multiprogramming?
Ans: Working of a lawyer is an example of multiprogramming.
A lawyer does not work for only one client at a time. While one case is waiting to go to trial, he switches to another case and working on that and so on. If he has enough clients, the lawyer will never be idle.
Q.What are the advantages of multiprogramming.
Ans: - (1) It increases the CPU utilization.
(2) Provides effective memory utilization.
(3) Throughput of the CPU may also increase.
Q.What is the disadvantage of multiprogramming?
Ans:-Managing too many tasks simultaneously can create the overhead on the processor and may degrade the performance. In particular, systems that use swapping may have insufficient memory recourses to handle all the tasks, leading to a condition known as ‘thrashing’.
Q. What is the difference between single programmed and multiprogramming operating system?
Ans: - In single programmed operating system only one program is allowed to stay in memory. The CPU is devoting its all time in executing the same program. As a single program can’t make the CPU busy always and hence CPU is under utilized in single programmed operating system.
Multiprogramming operating system maximizes the CPU and I/O devices utilizations by keeping multiple programs in memory and executing them one by one quickly.
Q. What do you mean by batched processing or batch operating system?
Ans: - In this type of processing a group of jobs are batched together and executed at a time. In batch processing technique the same type of jobs are batched together and executed at a time.
· This is non-interactive processing.
Q. what is time sharing system?
Ans: - Time – sharing system is a logical extension of multiprogramming.
· In this system a fixed time slice is defined for each program or job.
· When time slot expired the CPU switches from one program to another.
· Operating system explicitly says how CPU will be shared to different programs.
· Main feature of this type of system is that user can interact with the job when it is executing.
· This supports efficient CPU utilization.
· Example of time- sharing system is –CTSS,
Q.What is real-time operating system?
Ans: - A real time operating system is means for completing the task within specific time constraint.
- It works with very rigid requirement to complete the processing of input data in a specified time.
- Processing must be done within defined constraint.
- In real-time systems, the correctness of a processing task is dependent on the wall clock time at which the processing occurred.
- Use of real-time system is done in the field of-
Industrial control system
Robotics.
Computer controlled system.
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